The focus on human resources and their capabilities has never been more critical. Managing and leading people have become a critical success factor for organizations looking to become more effective. Since the mid-1990’s, organizations have been going through rapid and fundamental and continuous changes in the way they do business. These changes increased the level of complexity within both organizational and business environments. Whether one reviews these changes in terms of globalization, reengineering or downsizing, there is more and more evidence to suggest that focusing on how to lead and manage people be provide one of the keys to success. In this respect, this unit highlights the main ideas, principles and practices underlying day-to-day Leadership and change management within organizations. Special emphasis is given on the way that scientific insights from complexity science, behavioral science and neuroscience affect leadership behavior and can create a competitive advantage.